Renal failure diet principles

Renal failure diet principles

1, the appropriate protein intake;

2, adequate intake of calories;

3, pay attention to the control of water and salt (sodium) intake;

4, to avoid high phosphorus and potassium-containing foods.

First, the intake of high quality protein

Patients with renal failure, the need to limit the intake of protein, in order to reduce the burden on the kidney, but if you eat large and small, consumes the body's muscle tissue and internal organs, it is necessary to eat correctly and sufficient "quantity" and "quality" of the protein, the amount of kg of body weight per day, preferably 1 to 1.2 grams of intake of high quality biological value of animal protein foods, such as: milk, eggs, meat. Due to lower utilization of vegetable protein in the body, resulting in more nitrogenous waste metabolized, so we can not any food, such as: beans (red beans, green beans, peas, beans, soybeans, peas jen), soy products ( tofu, tofu, soy milk), gluten products (gluten, flour sausage, baked bran), stone fruits (melon seeds, peanuts, walnuts, cashew, chestnut) and the like. Because vegetarians essential amino acid soy and cereals contain not complete, in order to improve the utilization of vegetarian protein, these foods should be together with food, can play a complementary effect; the best change to eat custard vegetarian appropriate, protein intake according to quantitative criteria.

Second, adequate intake of calories

Limit protein intake, in order to avoid the lack of calorie intake, will increase the generation of nitrogenous waste, can eat more high-calorie and low protein food supplement. Vegetable oil (such as: soybean, peanut oil), low protein starch (such as: Cheng flour, white powder, lotus root starch,) and carbohydrates (such as: sugar, honey, ginger candy, fruit sugar) to produce a variety of tasty snacks, the heat the intake per day per kilogram of body weight 30 to 40 calories, so weight loss over what.

Third, careful control of moisture

When kidney failure and decreased urine output, the water will accumulate in the body of the load, the cardiovascular system increases will no vitality, edema, weight gain, cough, shortness of breath, lie down, hematocrit (Hct) reduced, and high concurrency blood pressure, heart failure, pericarditis, and dialysis due to dehydration drama, prone to headaches, ah, vomiting, muscle cramps imbalance syndrome. Increase the daily weight of not more than one kilogram is limited, and the amount of water the day before the total urine output plus 500 to 700 milliliters (ml). If the day before the urine of 500ml, then 500cC + 500 (7D0) ml = 1000 ~ 1200ml, is the amount of water to drink throughout the day, including water, rice, milk, soup and drinks. Avoid drinking mostly water ice can gargle, chewing gum or squeeze a little lemon juice to reduce the feeling of thirst, try to focus on taking time to soup consumption, reduce the amount of water.

Fourth, pay attention to the control of salt

Water can not be discharged, when salt renal failure, prone to edema and increased blood pressure. Patient one day should not exceed 5 grams of edible salt. 1 g (1/5 tea soup) salt = 6/5 = 1 tea tea soup soy sauce soup MSG, so the above seasoning containing salt do not feel free to add; you can use sugar, onion, ginger, garlic and so on to improve the taste. And should be limited to high-sodium foods, such as processed canned, salted and smoked products, Levin sauce, pickles, pickled vegetables and fast food. If poor appetite, no salt restriction, to be able to eat nutritious for the former title, until a good appetite, then there is enough nutrition after limiting salt.

Fifth, beware of high potassium

Due to potassium ions can not be discharged by the severe damage kidneys, cause "hyperkalemia" may cause finger numbness, fatigue, weakness, chest tightness, tongue stiffness, difficulty speaking, loss of consciousness, severe arrhythmia or cardiac arrest.

Cause hyperkalemia include: 1, inadequate dialysis; 2, no appetite; 3, constipation; 4, the intake of foods high in potassium, high potassium vegetables, can go to pitche into small pieces, with plenty of clean boiled 3 ~ 5 minutes picked up, then mixed with oil or fried; potassium content of coffee, tea, and chicken concoction will cause high hyperkalemia.

Potassium vegetables: green leafy vegetables (such as spinach, water spinach, amaranth, lettuce), mushrooms, seaweed, kelp, carrots, potatoes.

Potassium fruits: bananas, tomatoes, dates, oranges, oranges, mango, persimmon, melon, grapefruit, carambola (easy hiccups), we advise you in a fruit-based, weight is about 1/6 is appropriate.

Potassium fruits: pineapple, papaya, watermelon, pear, strawberry, lemon, etc., but not Yichi lot.

Sixth, to maintain the balance of calcium and phosphorus

Calcium and phosphorus are important minerals in vivo, both can maintain good growth of bones and teeth, muscles and nerves to function properly. When calcium deficiency shall eat milk, calcium and vitamin D, can reduce the renewal of hyperparathyroidism occurs. Phosphorus exists in all protein-containing foods, to have sufficient nutritional intake, but also to reduce the absorption of phosphorus, while only eating crunch taking aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate and other phosphate binders to bind food phosphorus. Note that high phosphorus foods: whole grains and products (such as brown rice, embryo rice, whole wheat bread), offal (liver, kidney, brain), stone fruits (peanuts, cashews, walnuts) and butter products (peanut butter), chocolate, intake of egg yolks, milk, dairy products and the like.

Seven, eat less "and aluminum-containing purine" foods to avoid aluminum toxicity and gout.

Aluminous diet:
1, tea;
2, cheese;
 3, tea;
4, steamed sponge cake;
5, to aluminum containers cooking.

High purine diet:
1, gravy;
2, lentils;
3, concentrated broth;
4, lean meat, duck;
5, the class brain;
6, mushroom;
7, internal organs (liver, kidney, heart);
8, sardines;
9, eel class;
10 asparagus.
11, chronic nephritis; diet; health;

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